Hatchery tanks induce intense reduction in microbiota diversity associated with gills and guts of two endemic species of the São Francisco River.
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2022
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Resumo
The São Francisco River (SFR), one of the main Brazilian rivers, has suffered
cumulative anthropogenic impacts, leading to ever-decreasing fish stocks
and environmental, economic, and social consequences. Rhinelepis
aspera and Prochilodus argenteus are medium-sized, bottom-feeding,
and rheophilic fishes from the SFR that suffer from these actions. Both
species are targeted for spawning and restocking operations due to their
relevance in artisanal fisheries, commercial activities, and conservation
concerns. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene,
we characterized the microbiome present in the gills and guts of these
species recruited from an impacted SFR region and hatchery tanks (HT).
Our results showed that bacterial diversity from the gill and gut at the
genera level in both fish species from HT is 87% smaller than in species
from the SFR. Furthermore, only 15 and 29% of bacterial genera are shared
between gills and guts in R. aspera and P. argenteus from SFR, respectively,
showing an intimate relationship between functional differences in
organs. In both species from SFR, pathogenic, xenobiont-degrading, and
cyanotoxin-producer bacterial genera were found, indicating the critical
pollution scenario in which the river finds itself. This study allowed us to
conclude that the conditions imposed on fish in the HT act as important
modulators of microbial diversity in the analyzed tissues. It also raises
questions regarding the effects of these conditions on hatchery spawn fish and their suitability for restocking activities, aggravated by the narrow
genetic diversity associated with such freshwater systems.
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São Francisco River, Neotropical fish, Microbiome, Next-generation sequencing, Aquaculture
Citação
DAMASCENO, M. R. A. et al. Hatchery tanks induce intense reduction in microbiota diversity associated with gills and guts of two endemic species of the São Francisco River. Frontiers in Microbiology, v. 13, 2022. Disponível em: <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.966436/full>. Acesso em: 01 ago. 2023.