Replacement of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum populations in an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.
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2022
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Visceral leishmaniasis is an important global health problem with an estimated of 50,000
to 90,000 new cases per year. VL is the most serious form of leishmaniasis as it can be
fatal in 95% of the cases if it remains untreated. VL is a particularly acute problem in Brazil
which contributed with 97% of all cases reported in 2020 in the Americas. In this country,
VL affects mainly the poorest people in both urban and rural areas and continues to have a
high mortality rate estimated around 8.15%. Here, we performed a temporal parasite
population study using whole genome sequence data from a set of 34 canine isolates
sampled in 2008, 2012 and 2015 from a re-emergent focus in Southeastern Brazil. Our
study found the presence of two distinct sexual subpopulations that corresponded to two
isolation periods. These subpopulations diverged hundreds of years ago with no apparent
gene flow between them suggesting a process of rapid replacement during a two-year
period. Sequence comparisons and analysis of nucleotide diversity also showed evidence
of balancing selection acting on transport-related genes and antigenic families. To our
knowledge this is the first population genomic study showing a turn-over of parasite
populations in an endemic region for leishmaniasis. The complexity and rapid adaptability
of these parasites pose new challenges to control activities and demand more integrated
approaches to understand this disease in New World foci.
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L. infantum, Genomics, Genetic variability, Brazil, Population replacement
Citação
VALDIVIA RODRÍGUEZ, H. O. et al. Replacement of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum populations in an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, v. 12, artifgo 900084, 2022. Disponível em: <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.900084/full>. Acesso em: 01 ago. 2023.